The challenge is to understand the impact of heterogeneity in biomanufacturing and develop novel approaches for detection, control, and mitigation throughout both upstream and downstream processing. Research must aim to enhance process performance with an emphasis on increasing yield, titre, purity, and productivity, and enable economically viable scaling of disruptive solutions that minimize environmental footprints, save energy, and conserve natural resources. The programme is aimed at fundamental and applied research that merges synthetic biology, microbiology, process engineering, and analytical or digital methodologies to gain insight and develop tools or methods with potential for broad applicability. Research must aim to integrate techno-economic analysis and environmental sustainability impact assessment when relevant.